BRAINSTORMING FOR MARGULIS (RED-LINING HOUSING MARKETS DISCRIMINATION RACE RACIAL MINORITIES OF OTHER KINDS GAY GHETTO DIFFERENTIAL RETURNS TO LOCATION)
BRAINSTORMING FOR MARGULIS Dual housing market: historically de jure until Supreme Court decisions since the middle of the century. Such as Shelley vs. Kramer around 1946, a decision that “restrictive covenants” could not be enforced by any levels of government or the courts. And later in the sixties the civil rights and fair housing legislation and other reversals of separate but equal removed the de jure part. However, there has been relaxed enforcement of fair housing laws since the first Reagan Administration. Some social theories that suggest that as “immigrant- type” groups, such as blacks, gain education and income and become more like middle-class whites, that they will meet with much less exclusion in such thing as job-seeking and the purchase of housing. However, investigations by many social scientists indicate that blacks get less housing benefits from better jobs and more income and education than whites. (see Darden) Blacks are largely confined to less desirable neig...